Modern visual renovation operations are high and safe procedures that allow us to remove almost any of the ophthalmic problems.Successfully used several decades, so the methods are constantly evolving, beyond and become more efficient.Improving visual functions is achieved by using hardware corrections of corneal forms, lenses, retina and other elements of the optical eye system.Properly selected technology allows not only to completely return vision, but also to reduce the risk of complications.From the article, you will learn what ophthalmic operations there are indicators for use and possible risks.
Types
Thanks to the development of hardware methods of medicine, visual and minimal invasive procedures are reliable and minimally invasive.Their duration does not exceed several hours, and there is no need for complex rehabilitation measures in the future.The selection is the selection of the surgical treatment method depending on the disease, age and general condition of the patient's visual apparatus.
Laser correction
The most popular type of work to correct vision sharpness.Today, these are pronounced high methods that have high efficiency and minimal risk of complications.Allow you to deal with the myopia, distant and astigmatism.After the procedure, the vision sharpness was maintained for a long time, and if you follow all the instructions of an ophthalmologist, you can completely avoid repeated intervention.There are several types of laser correction:
- Lasik.Basic type of work for the reconstruction of the vision sharpness.First, the surface layer of the cornea was separated by micrographs, and then it is used with laser air, a change in its shape is carried out.The main disadvantage of this type of correction inability to take into account the individual characteristics of the patient's anatomy;
- Super Lasik.Advanced version of the traditional LASIK methodology.It allows you to achieve a better result, because it takes into account the structure of the patient's visual system.Used in most modern clinics in the world;
- Femto Lasik.Similar type of work, the only difference is that the cornice cut is not made by microRAT, but with a special femurital laser.There is an enhanced version in which the operation course depends on the individual characteristics of the patient - Super Femto Lasik;
- Epi-Lasik.The mechanism of the procedure is identical to the traditional LASIK method, but such an operation is prescribed only by patients with the dehorns (acquired or innate);
- PRK (FRK).Photo Refraction of the ceratectomy was made since 1985. years.Today, it is applied in the presence of contraindications on regular correction methods, for example, with subtle cornea, serious ophthalmic diseases.The healing process is always painful, the recovery period lasts longer than in other methods.
Visual correction operations do not last more than 15 minutes.After the proceedings, the procedure is necessary, and carried protective dressing, as well as implanting drops in 1-2 months,.The risk of complications is minimal, repeated treatment is needed with a significant reduction in sight.
Vitrectomy
This is the process of complete or partial removal of the glassy of the eyeball.It is performed under general or local anesthesia, in the absence of complications, passes in 2-3 hours.First, small punches are made in the socket, through which subsequent manipulations are being carried out.As a rule, this cauterization of the laser of the affected areas of the retina, densifications abroad or the reconstruction of the integrity of the fabric.The procedure is prescribed for the following problems:
- Restoration of visual functions after bleeding in the tissues of the eye;
- Prevention of the age-arranged retina;
- Treatment of severe retinopathy of eyes in which gross scars or neovascularization (Germination gear) occur.
Artificial polymers, gas bubble, silicone oil or balanced salt solution used as a substitute for a glass-body.The latter type is more commonly used, because in the future no repeated operation - salt solution subsequently replace intraocular fluid.
After surgery, side effects are possible in the form of corneal swelling, increasing intraocular pressure or even more vision.The renovation and forecast depend on the expanse of the lesion, as well as the type of prosthesis when replacing glass-bodies.If there are irreversible changes in the optical nerve, then the vision correction is almost impossible.
Scleroplasty
The usual ophthalmic procedure focused on strengthening the outer shell of the eye (sclera).It is prescribed that they do not correct visual functions, but to stabilize the degree of myopia in a patient from a risk group.It is recommended that adolescents are carried out that suffer from this problem, because in this age, the eye form is actively changed.
During the operation, the requested amount of materials for strengthening the sclera was introduced behind the rear wall of the eyeball.Polymers or biological components are usually used.After that, a spike appears with an external eye scaling, and after a few months of blood vessels necessary to maintain visual functions grow in fold.There is a simplified version of scleroplasty.It is the introduction of an artificial or biological substance for eyeballs.The mechanism of action in such technology is identical - preventing the growth of the eyeball.
Scleroplasty
This is a benevolent surgery that is practically not changing over the years.It is performed in most clinics.It was practically no side effects, except for possible allergies to medicine.The other operation usually needs.
Lens replacement
For example, the required operation prescribed during blur or any other degenerative process in the lens, for example, cataracts.The treatment is always forced, but the implantation is selected individually, depending on age, gender and severity of pathological changes in the eye.The crystal replacement is prescribed in the following cases:
- High degrees of myopia and perpetrators;
- a significant reduction in refraction;
- Regenerative processes in the eyes, reduction of vision - relevants;
- Inability to restore laser vision;
- cataract;
- The likelihood of glaucoma development on the background of a systemic or ophthalmic disease.
The procedure always takes place under local anesthesia.During the operation, the surgeon makes a small cut with laser, after which patients diluted with a separate tool and removes it from the eyes.After that, prepared transplant was installed.The intervention takes no more than 25 minutes, the subsequent sting of seams and recovery in the hospital is not necessary.
The operation is performed in most of the private and state clinics.There is usually no complications after manipulation, but the subsequent correction of the laser vision is often prescribed.In rare cases, it is necessary to reserve lenses again.
Keratoplasty (swearing replacement)
One of the most modern and more complex ophthalmic operations, which is associated with a lot of risks and requires a high surgeon qualification.It is necessary to restore the anatomical integrity and physiological function of the cornea.Prescribed for the treatment of innate or acquired damage obtained as a result of injuries or illness.A healthy transplant fabric is taken only in donors, but the development of artificial replacement is done in many countries.Keratoplasty is recommended to resolve the following problems:
- Treatment of corneal disease (Belko, tone disorders);
- mechanical or chemical damage;
- Congenital shortcomings.
The operation is done not for more than 30 minutes.During the proceedings, a surgeon with a laser or special scalpel removes the part of the patient's cornea, and at its place implants.Seams can exist by a year, after which special lenses for reducing the risk of infections is selected.The recovery period is from 4 weeks, during which the antibiotic needs, but regular reviews are needed for the next year.
In recent years, it was possible to significantly reduce the risk of refusing the donor fabric due to the use of special compositions during processing and preservation.
Laser Metland Coagulation
Returnal tissue renewal operational method.The efficiency of the method is more than 70%, and for 24 hours after its application you can return to the usual lifestyle.The observations of ophthalmologists are required within one year after the proceedings.
Today, the operation is performed using a laser, which allows you to lose blood without losing.Anesthesia is done within the local, time of the procedure does not last more than 20 minutes.
Before exposure to laser, drops for drops to expand students, and then placed on a special protective lens, through which exposure occurs at low frequencies.Due to high temperatures, pasting damaged cells, as well as small blood vessels.
The process of coagulation is required for any damage and pathology of the retina, as well as with the eyes and diseases of the vascular system of this organ.After surgery, inflammation and blur are possible.A few years after correction, it is impossible to involve into severe physical work and active sports.
Cross
Effective method of treatment of various corneas diseases.It is performed to strengthen ligaments and other fiber in the cornea tissues, which is necessary for keratoconus of different degrees or degenerative processes, dystrophies.
The operation is performed under local anesthesia.First, a small part of the cornea was cut off with a separate device, and Vitamin B2 enters the open area.Subsequent radiation allows you to compact fabric for more than 200%.The first week after the operation, it is necessary to wear a protective desktop lens, and a doctor should be examined for 6 months.The effect of the procedure lasts 10 years, then the repeated operation is needed.
Complications are observed in rare cases.The patient can reduce the vision, inflammation or blurring of the cornea may occur.
Glaucoma treatment
Ophthalmic surgery for different degrees of glaucoma is necessary when drug therapy does not bring the result.The operation is performed using lasers or surgically.
The laser method is considered the most successful.It is completely painless for the patient, and there is practically no complications.During the proceedings, the holes are performed with a beam through which the liquid is removed from the eye tissue to normalize pressure.Used to treat all types of glaucoma.
The manual surgical type of operation is less efficient because there is a risk of complications after the procedure.As a rule, this is an impermeable deep sklet.The purpose of the method is to reduce intraocular pressure using a slight thinning of the corneal layer.
Effect after both types of operations have been reduced over time.On average, another operation is needed after 5-7 years.This period may be extended using the competent medication treatment.
Conclusions
Today, in the most modern ophthalmic clinics, there are a number of surgical procedures for vision correction.These are the exact high-pressure methods you can solve almost any eye damage.The selection of the method depends on the series of factors - age, diseases, individual characteristics of the patient's visual system structure.After surgery, the effect occurs almost immediately, and if all doctors are noticed, the vision sharpness can be saved for a long time.